I C&P this from a Fangraphs article. I thought it was interesting for those historians out there...
Pop-boy Smith was credited with his only big-league win on September 21, 1919 when the Cleveland Indians edged the Washington Senators 3-2 in a game that went 13 innings. The home team won, with Al Gould, who pitched the final four innings in relief of Smith, getting the save.
How is this possible? According to two experts I queried — SABR’s Jacob Pomrenke and Retrosheet’s David W. Smith — the answer to that question is both simple and complicated. Moreover, the occurrence wasn’t all that uncommon at the time.
Per Pomrenke, the official scorer was likely using Henry Chadwick’s original, archaic logic for awarding wins, which is the pitcher that “pitched the most innings” or “did the bulk of the work” in the game.
Also per Pomrenke, “Before official scoring became truly official around 1920, there was often no rhyme or reason to how wins and losses were awarded. American League president Ban Johnson had a bad habit of overruling the local official scorers, who could only ‘recommend’ scoring decisions to the league office, which had final approval. Johnson was extremely inconsistent in when and how he overruled the AL’s official scorers.”
The modern rule for pitching wins, which includes the starters’ needing to go at least five innings, was formalized in 1950.
As for how Retrosheet (which is the source of box scores at Baseball-Reference) handles the assignment of retroactive wins and saves. Smith informed me that their position on wins has been “to follow the officially recorded totals (in the daily player ledgers at the Hall of Fame) even if they would clearly be different today.” Saves are a different story.
“The first save rule became official in 1969 and there have been four versions of it,” Smith explained. “For games from 1969 to the present we follow the official totals, just as with the wins, even though there are some strange cases. The 1974 rule was a real mess. For games played before 1969, we chose to agree with Pete Palmer, who first calculated these. For these games, the following criterion was used: The last pitcher on the winning team gets a save, no matter the score, how many innings he pitched, or how effective he was.”
Pop-boy Smith earned his only career save by dint of Retrosheet’s pre-1969 criteria. On September 1, 1969, the erstwhile hurler entered in a tie game and pitched the final two innings of a 3-2 Indians’ walk-off win. In other words, “Pop-boy” got his only career save in a game where by modern rules he’d have gotten a win. Then, six days later, he got his only career win in a game where by modern rules he’d have gotten a save.