Weirdly enough, there was a study on this not too long ago.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9047814/
What interesting in Wheeler's case is that he has venous TOS, not neurological TOS. The study only had 4 cases of venous TOS treated with decompression surgery, the rest were all neurological.
but... for any TOS with decompression surgery, the recovery time until pitching in MLB again was 10 months, 80% made a full recovery, and of those who recovered they pitched 1-3 more years with no difference in post-operative performance seen vs controls.
Severely limited sample size is the main limitation of the study. As far as a condition goes for MLB pitchers, it's still incredibly rare.