On the whole, yes I think players would develop better on a great team like the Yankees than a crappy team. Look at all of the great prospects that came up through the 90's and 2000's Pirates for example. I think part of it was scouting, but a lot of times they got the right guys and they just came into that losing culture and didn't develop properly. Would Derek Jeter be what he was on the Pirates? I have my doubts.
In short, no I don't believe that prospect development is completely independent of the team. I think that winning and winning soon will help in the development of Vlad and Bo.